Revised runoff curve number for runoff prediction in the Loess Plateau of China     

Wenhai Shi  Ni Wang  Miaomiao Wang  Donghao Li 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14390

The soil conservation service (now Natural Resources Conservation Service) Curve Number (SCS-CN), one of the most commonly used methods for surface runoff prediction. The runoff calculated by this method was very sensitive to CN values. In this study, CN values were calculated by both arithmetic mean (CN_C) and least square fit method (CN_F) using observed rainfall-runoff data from 43 sites in the Loess Plateau region, which are considerably different from the CN₂ values obtained from the USDA-SCS handbook table (CN_T). The results showed that using CN_C instead of CN_T for each watershed produce little improvement, while replacing CN_T with CN_F improves the performance of the original SCS-CN method, but still performs poorly in most study sites. This is mainly due to the SCS-CN method using a constant CN value and discounting of the temporal variation in rainfall-runoff process. Therefore, three factors—soil moisture, rainfall depth and intensity—affecting the surface runoff variability are considered to reflect the variation of CN in each watershed, and a new CN value was developed. The reliability of the proposed method was tested with data from 38 watersheds, and then applied to the remaining five typical watersheds using the optimized parameters. The results indicated that the proposed method, which boosted the model efficiencies to 81.83% and 74.23% during calibration and validation cases, respectively, performed better than the original SCS-CN and the Shi and Wang (2020b) method, a modified SCS-CN method based on tabulated CN value. Thus, the proposed method incorporating the influence of the temporal variability of soil moisture, rainfall depth, and intensity factors suggests an accurate runoff prediction for general applications under different hydrological and climatic conditions on the Loess Plateau region.  相似文献   

激光扫描与无人机一体化控制下的复杂体育场馆高精度三维重建     

杨俊  王志鹏  祝凯  李淑红  焉石  胡春梅 《测绘通报》2020,(12):21-26

针对复杂体育场馆外部精细建模在完整性和精度方面存在的问题，本文提出了地面控制、地面激光扫描、无人机建模控制一体化的高精度建模方法。首先应用特制标志建立区域内控制、扫描、无人机高精度一体化坐标系统；其次对地面多站激光扫描点云结合控制坐标进行区域整体平差配准，生成一体化坐标系统下高精度地面点云模型；然后应用无人机数据和控制点生成一体化坐标下的高精度顶部数据；最后融合两种数据生成对象完整高精度精细模型。试验证明，整体平差解算方法可实现多站点云的高精度配准，一体化控制可实现非同源异质数据高精度融合，解决了复杂建筑对象的高精度建模问题，具有很大的实用价值。  相似文献   

Ionospheric effects in uncalibrated phase delay estimation and ambiguity-fixed PPP based on raw observable model   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

Shengfeng Gu  Chuang Shi  Yidong Lou  Jingnan Liu 《Journal of Geodesy》2015,89(5):447-457

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River discharge,land use change,and surface water quality in the Xiangjiang River,China          下载免费PDF全文

Zhao Zhang  Yi Chen  Pin Wang  Jiabing Shuai  Fulu Tao  Peijun Shi 《水文研究》2014,28(13):4130-4140

To compare the impacts of river discharge on the surface water quality of the Xiangjiang River in China, 12 surface water quality parameters recorded at 31 sampling sites from January 1998 to December 2008 along the river and its main tributaries were analyzed. Significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and biochemical oxygen demand were observed during low‐flow periods than during high‐flow periods, implying a higher risk to local residents drinking untreated water during low‐flow periods. Pollution indexes, including the inorganic pollution index and integrated pollution index (IPI), were negatively related to impervious surface area (ISA) and cropland area (CLA) when ISA (CLA) was less than 160 (3000) km². However, the relationship was positive when ISA (CLA) was larger than 160 (3000) km², which provided a reasonable explanation for the observed spatial patterns of water quality. Distinct increasing temporal trends for two kinds of pollution indexes were also found. The annual ISA was significantly related to the rapid degradation of water quality from 1998 to 2008, with correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.816 (p = 0.002) and 0.711 (p = 0.014) for the organic pollution index (OPI) and IPI, respectively. However, annual rainfall was negatively correlated with the two indexes with r values of 0.785 (p = 0.002) and 0.448 (p = 0.093) for OPI and IPI, respectively. Our study highlights that decision makers should be more aware of recent increases in the pollution of the Xiangjiang River, especially at downriver sites and during low‐flow periods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄土洞室掘进深度与围岩位移变化规律研究     

时卫民  王鹏  赵尚毅 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):70-75

应用PLAXIS 2D/3D有限元分析软件,对某黄土洞室进行了二维、三维分步掘进、三维一次掘进等工况的弹塑性有限元分析,研究分析了不同工况下洞室围岩位移的变化规律,并对掌子面的空间效应进行了分析。分析结果表明,二维与三维分步计算的最终位移基本一致,可以用二维的计算结果来估算洞室开挖的最终位移。三维分步掘进的分析表明,不同埋深的洞室其位移比的变化规律基本一致,当L/B<1时(L为掘进深度,B为洞室跨度),位移比呈线性增加;当L/B>1时,位移比呈非线性增加;当L/B>3时,其最大位移接近最终位移。掌子面的空间效应分析表明,在掌子面处的位移约为最终位移的1/3,距掌子面0.5倍跨度处的位移约为最终位移的2/3,距掌子面2.5倍跨度处的位移基本达到了最终位移。  相似文献   

Distribution of the Pan-African Domains in East Antarctica and Adjacent Areas     

REN Liudong  ZONG Shi  WANG Yanbin  LI Chong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(Z1):45-46

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Long-term monitoring of the individual self-feeding behavior of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss     

Shi  Ce  Gao  Xiaolong  Liu  Ying  Wang  Chunlin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):344-349

Self-feeding device is extensively used in aquaculture farms, but for salmonids the individual feeding behavior has seldom been continuously observed. In this article, the individual self-feeding behavior of 10 rainbow trout was continuously monitored with a PIT tag record for 50 days with three replicates. The fish fell into three categories according to their feeding behavior, i.e. high triggering fish (trigger behavior more than 25% of the group, HT), low triggering fish (1%–25%, LT) and zero triggering fish (less than 1%). The results showed that in a group of 10 individual 1–2 HT fish accounted for most of the self-feeding behavior (78.19%–89.14%), which was far more than they could consume. The trigger frequency of the fish was significantly correlated with the initial body weight (P <0.01), however, no significant difference in growth rate among the HT, LT, and ZT fish was observed (P >0.05). Cosinor analysis showed that the two HT fish in the same group had similar acrophase. Though some of the HT fish could be active for 50 d, there were also HT fish decreased triggering behavior around 40 d and the high trigger status was then replaced by other fish, which was first discovered in salimonds. Interestingly, the growth of the group was not affected by the alternation triggering fish. These results provide evidence that in the self-feeding system the HT fish didn’t gain much advantage by their frequent self-feeding behavior, and high trigger status of the HT fish is not only an individual character but also driven by the demand of the group. In the self-feeding system, the critical individual should be closely monitored.

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More than two hundred and fifty thousand spectroscopic binary or variable star candidates discovered by LAMOST     

Sheng-Bang Qian  Xiang-Dong Shi  Li-Ying Zhu  Lin-Jia Li  Jia Zhang  Er-Gang Zhao  Zhong-Tao Han  Xiao Zhou  Xiao-Hui Fang  Wen-Ping Liao 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2019,(5)

About 786.4 thousand stars were observed by LAMOST twice or more during the first stage of its spectroscopic survey. The radial velocity differences for about 256 thousand targets are larger than10 km s~(-1) and they are possible spectroscopic binary or variable candidates(SBVCs). It is shown that most SBVCs are slightly metal poorer than the Sun. There are two peaks in the temperature distribution of SBVCs around 5760 K and 4870 K, while there are three peaks in the distribution of the gravitational acceleration at 2.461, 4.171 and 4.621 cm s~(-2). The locations of SBVCs on the [Fe/H]-T, [Fe/H]-log g, log g-T and H-R diagrams are investigated. It is found that the detected SBVCs could be classified into four groups. The first group has higher log g～4.621 and lower T ～ 4870 K which are mainly cool red dwarf binaries. The second group of SBVCs has logg around 4.171 cm s~(-2) that includes binaries and pulsating stars such as δSet and γ Dor variables. The gravitational accelerations of the third group of SBVCs are higher and some of them are below the zero-age main sequence. They may be contact binaries in which the primary components are losing energy to the secondaries in the common envelopes and are at a special stellar evolutionary stage.The last group is composed of giants or supergiants with log g around 2.461 cm s~(-2) that may be evolved pulsating stars. One target(C134624.29+333921.2) is confirmed as an eclipsing binary with a period of 0.65 days. A preliminary analysis suggests that it is a detached binary with a mass ratio of 0.46. The primary fills its critical Roche lobe by about 89%, indicating that mass transfer will occur between the two components.  相似文献   

唐山地区波速比变化特征研究     

王亚茹  宋昭  刘晓丹  郭蕾  王妍  王时  宫猛  王想 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(7):686-690

选取唐山地区2008~2018年震相数据，利用单台多震和达法和多台多震和达法分别计算波速比，结合研究区内的地震活动对波速比的变化特征进行研究。结果显示，多台多震和达法得到的波速比结果较为稳定，而单台多震和达法得到的结果变化幅度大，显示更多细节；唐山地区ML≥4.5地震发生前单台波速比存在不同程度的异常，异常台站的方位与地震具有一定的对应性。  相似文献   

对抗航空磁探的磁诱饵模拟指标分析及度量方法          下载免费PDF全文

石剑  刘忠乐  孙强  王亮 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(2):36-41

针对航空磁探的威胁,潜艇可通过施放能够模拟其空中磁场特性的装置(磁诱饵)进行对抗，在对磁诱饵进行研究时,需要对其模拟需求进行分析。针对此问题,在对目前常用磁探仪工作原理及优缺点进行分析的基础上建立了基于标量磁探仪的航空磁探潜模型,以所建立的航空磁探潜模型为基础,分析了对抗航空磁探时磁源所需满足的模拟需求,并给出对抗效能评估度量方法及指标:磁场功率比、磁场方向可调性指标及有效面积指标,为潜艇空中磁场模拟方法研究的开展提供了基础。  相似文献